Ndi chitukuko cha anthu ndi kupanga, kuwonjezeka kwa chuma chakuthupi ndi kukula kwa midzi ya anthu okhala m'mizinda, kuchulukana ndi kuvulaza komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ngozi zamoto ndi mafakitale kumawonjezeka chaka ndi chaka. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amafa chaka chilichonse ku United States ndi pafupifupi zikwi khumi, ndi kuwonongeka kwachuma kwa J-700 miliyoni madola. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amafa chaka chilichonse ku United Kingdom ndi masauzande ambiri, ndipo kuwonongeka kwachuma kulinso kodabwitsa. M’zaka zaposachedwapa, moto ndi ngozi zapantchito zikuwonjezerekanso.
Kuvulala ndi kuwonongeka kwachuma komwe amabwera chifukwa cha iwo kwakhala chidwi cha dziko lonse. Mu 1991, moto ndi kuphulika kwa fakitale yamankhwala kudapangitsa kuti chuma chiwonongeke kwambiri kuposa ma yuan 22 miliyoni. Mu 1993, ku China kunali moto wopitilira 3,800, ndipo kuwonongeka kwachuma kunali kokulirapo mpaka 1.120 biliyoni. Mu 1994, moto 39120 unachitika, zomwe zinachititsa kuti chuma chiwonongeke kuposa 1.120 biliyoni.
Moto ku Karamay ndi Jinzhou ku Xinjiang unakhudza kwambiri. Nyumba zingapo zazikulu zamalonda ku Zhengzhou, Nanchang, Shenzhen ndi Anshan, zomwe zidayaka moto motsatizana, zonse zidawononga kwambiri. Kufufuza zomwe zimayambitsa ngozi zamoto ndi mafakitale, zovala ndi nsalu zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi 50. Kale m'zaka za m'ma 1950, mayiko padziko lonse lapansi anachita kafukufuku wa njira zowononga moto zopangira nsalu. Mayiko ena, monga United States, United Kingdom, Japan, Germany ndi mayiko ena apanga magawo osiyanasiyana a zinthu pa nsalu zina, kuphatikizapo zovala zoteteza anthu ogwira ntchito, zovala zogona ana, nsalu zokongoletsa mkati. Mu Julayi 1973, United States idaletsa mwalamulo kugulitsa zinthu zomwe zidalephera kuyesa kuyesa kuyaka.China kutentha kutchinjiriza
Ii. Kukhazikitsidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa miyezo ndi malamulo oyenera pazovala zodzitchinjiriza ndi nsalu zosagwira moto sizidzangowongolera kukula kwa msika wa zovala zoteteza zomwe zimayaka moto komanso nsalu zosagwira moto. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kufulumizitsa kutchuka ndi kupanga mafakitale azinthu zoletsa malawi ndikuwongolera ukadaulo woletsa malawi. Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu pakupanga ndi kukhala ndi moyo, kukhazikitsidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo ndi malamulo oletsa moto padziko lapansi ndizosiyana kwambiri. Kafukufuku ndi kupanga nsalu zotchinga moto zidayamba kale ku China. Koma miyezo yoletsa moto idakhazikitsidwa mochedwa.China kutentha kutchinjiriza
Njira zofunika kwambiri zoyezera nsalu zoletsa moto,China kutentha kutchinjirizaZovala zodzitchinjiriza zosagwira moto komanso zodzikongoletsera zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pano zalembedwa mu Table 1, pomwe miyezo yoletsa moto yomwe imayenera kuvalidwa ndi ogwira ntchito pazitsulo, makina, mankhwala, mafuta ndi mafakitale ena ( GB8965-09). Chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, zimakhala zovuta kulimbikitsa miyezo ya zovala zotetezera moto ndi nsalu zotchinga moto. M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ngozi zozimitsa moto ndi ntchito, madipatimenti amakampani ndi oyang'anira awona kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri. Malamulo oletsa moto anakhazikitsidwa pang'onopang'ono.
Mu Seputembala 1993, Unduna wa Zachuma Zazitsulo udapereka Chidziwitso chogwiritsa ntchito zovala zodzitchinjiriza zamoto}t Guan Gan. Chidziwitsocho chinafuna kuti mitundu 26 ya mafakitale opanga zitsulo inayamba kukonzekeretsa zovala zotetezera nsalu zosagwira moto ndi nsalu zotsutsana ndi ultraviolet kuyambira March 199. makampani opanga zitsulo ananena kuti mitundu yonse ya ogwira ntchito amavala zovala zoteteza ndi zosagwira moto. Motsogozedwa ndi Unduna wa Zachitsulo, Unduna wa Mphamvu Zamagetsi, Unduna wa Zankhalango, Unduna wa Zamakampani a Chemical, Unduna wa Zachitetezo cha Public ndi madipatimenti ena adakhazikitsa malamulo oti azivala zovala zoteteza moto. Sitima, mayendedwe, malasha, makina, petrochemical, asilikali ndi mayunitsi ena akukonzekera mwachangu kukhazikitsa zovala zoteteza moto. Valani zovala zoteteza moto. Ndime 92 ya Lamulo la Zantchito la People's Republic of China ikunena kuti zofunikira zoteteza anthu ogwira ntchito ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa ogwira ntchito.
Mu Marichi 199, Boma la State Bureau of Technical Supervision ndi Unduna wa Zomangamanga pamodzi adapereka "Code for Fire Protection of Interior decoration Design" [GB50222-95], malamulowa akuwonetsa kuti zida zokongoletsa zamkati ziyenera kukhala zoletsa moto, Beijing, Tianjin. . Nsalu zokongoletsa zoletsa moto siziloledwa kugwira ntchito. Mwachidule, kugwiritsa ntchito flame retardant nsalu mankhwala wakhala liwu la dziko lonse, wakhalanso maziko a chitukuko cha malamulo oyenera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-31-2023